L’antijudaïsme aux XIVe et XVe siècle: l’utilisation de l’eau
Résumé
This study focuses on the different stereotypes dealing with the Jewish minority and conversos. The accusations against them were of four types: a. The Jew associated to the culture of money. b. Confessional accusations: the Jew was the religious other, the infidel in a Christian society. c. The Jew as inferior, excluded and proscribed. d. The Jew as personification of evil. Within these categories (and distinguishing between the European situation and the Castilian milieu), we offer two examples of discourses related to water. The first is an accusation of poisoning water which is referred to as an explanation for the persecu tions of 1391. It has a clear European influence and is quoted by Alonso de Espina in his Fortalitium fidei. The second, also related to water, was an event that occurred in Córdoba in 1473 when a 10yearold girl throws water out of a window at the time that a religious parade passes in front of her house: she was accused of throwing urine and the event gave occasion to an anti-converso reaction in the city resulting in the death and escape of numerous conversos. We believe that the relatively peaceful coexistence (convivencia) of religious creeds ends at the end of the 14th century and water is one of the many elements utilized to exclude the Jews and the conversos from the mainstream and regnum.
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