Correlates and Predictors of Prolonged Grief and Mental Health Outcomes in Immigrants/Refugees Exposed to Trauma and Bereavement: A Systematic Review
Résumé
Background: Trauma and bereavement are two dovetailling fields. However, prior studies in immigrants and refugees have predominately emphasized on trauma and its related disorders (PTSD) and predictive factors. The present study aimed to provide a systematic review of upto-date literature on correlates and predictors of prolonged grief and mental health outcomes in immigrants and refugees. Method: We performed a systematic literature review using five databases (PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Academic Search Elite PubMed) and manual searching to identify empirical studies matching with our objective. The narrowing process of study selection was designed according to PRISMA guidelines. Results: The initial search generated 119 articles and 12 met inclusion criteria. Traumatic and multiple losses implying death of first-degree relatives (child, spouse, parent), appeared to be a potent risk factor for prolonged grief, combined prolonged grief and PTSD, depression, disability and idioms of distress. Limitations: All included studies adopted cross-sectional design, limiting understanding of causative pathways. Heterogeneity of variables used and outcomes measures percluded to perform a meta-analysis. Conclusions: A consistent trend indicated higher prevalence of prolonged grief and comorbidities in immigrants and refugees. Psychopathological and transcultural aspects are discussed and perspectives for improving further research in this field are paved.
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