Dominance, diversity, and niche breadth in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities
Résumé
Classical theory identifies resource competition as the major structuring force of biotic communities and predicts that: (i) levels of dominance and richness in communities are inversely related, (ii) narrow niches allow dense ‘packing’ in niche space and thus promote diversity, and (iii) dominants are generalists with wide niches, such that locally abundant taxa also exhibit wide distributions. Current empirical support, however, is mixed. We tested these expectations using published data on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community composition worldwide. We recorded the expected negative relationship between dominance and richness and, to a degree, the positive association between local and global dominance. However, contrary to expectation, dominance was pronounced in communities where more specialists were present; and, conversely, richness was higher in communites with more generalists. Thus, resource competition and niche packing appear of limited importance in AM fungal community assembly; rather patterns of dominance and diversity seem more consistent with habitat filtering and stochastic processes.