Rectal leiomyosarcoma, a rare malignant tumor diagnosed in ulcerative colitis

Le léiomyosarcome rectal, une tumeur maligne rare diagnostiquée au cours de la rectocolite ulcéro-hémorragique

Benjamin Ducloux-Lebon , Franck Brazier (1) , Clémence Tamarit , Charles Sabbagh (2, 1) , Mathurin Fumery (3, 1) , Denis Chatelain (4, 1)

1 CHU Amiens-Picardie
2 SSPC - Simplification des soins chez les patients complexes - UR UPJV 7518
3 PERITOX - Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques - UMR INERIS_I 1
4 CHIMERE - CHirurgie, IMagerie et REgénération tissulaire de l’extrémité céphalique - Caractérisation morphologique et fonctionnelle - UR UPJV 7516

Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (IBD) of the digestive tract are known to have an increased risk of colorectal cancer. These are usually adenocarcinomas, and the occurrence of malignant mesenchymal tumours, particularly leiomyosarcomas, is exceptional. We report one case in a 40-year-old woman, followed for 9 years for ulcerative colitis. The tumour measured 2cm in length and infiltrated the entire rectal wall as far as the subserosa. It was composed of fusiform cells, with 5 mitoses for 10 fields at ×400 magnification, and expressing actin, desmin and caldesmone under immunohistochemical study. We review the 2 cases of leiomyosarcomas associated with Crohn's disease and 3 cases developed during ulcerative colitis published in the literature.

Mots clés: Inflammatory bowel disease; Leiomyosarcoma; Sarcoma; Ulcerative colitis

Mots clés: Léiomyosarcome; Maladie inflammatoire chronique de l’intestin; Rectocolite hémorragique; Sarcome

Domaines: Médecine humaine et pathologie

Benjamin Ducloux-Lebon, Franck Brazier, Clémence Tamarit, Charles Sabbagh, Mathurin Fumery, et al.. Rectal leiomyosarcoma, a rare malignant tumor diagnosed in ulcerative colitis. Annales de Pathologie, 2023, 43 (1), pp.29-33. ⟨10.1016/j.annpat.2022.05.005⟩. ⟨hal-03958614⟩