To design a simple and reproducible classifier predicting the overall survival (OS) of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) >= 60 years of age treated with 7+3, we sequenced 37 genes in 471patients fromtheALFA1200 (Acute Leukemia FrenchAssociation) study (median age, 68 years). Mutation patterns and OS differed between the 84 patients with poor-risk cytogenetics and the 387 patientswith good (n = 13), intermediate (n = 339), or unmeasured (n = 35) cytogenetic risk. TP53 (hazards ratio [HR], 2.49; P = .0003) and KRAS (HR, 3.60; P = .001) mutations independently worsened the OS of patients with poor-risk cytogenetics. In those without poor-risk cytogenetics, NPM1 (HR, 0.57; P = .0004), FLT3 internal tandem duplications with low (HR, 1.85; P = .0005) or high (HR, 3.51; P < 10(-4)) allelic ratio, DNMT3A (HR, 1.86; P < 10(-4)), NRAS (HR, 1.54; P = .019), and ASXL1 (HR, 1.89; P=.0003) mutations independently predicted OS. Combining cytogenetic risk and mutations in these 7 genes, 39.1% of patients could be assigned to a ``go-go'' tier with a 2-year OS of 66.1%, 7.6% to the ``no-go'' group (2-year OS 2.8%), and 3.3% of to the ``slow-go'' group (2-year OS of 39.1%; P < 10(-5)). Across 3 independent validation cohorts, 31.2% to 37.7% and 11.2% to 13.5% of patients were assigned to the go-go and the no-go tiers, respectively, with significant differences inOS between tiers in all 3 trial cohorts (HDF [Hauts-de-France], n = 141, P = .003; andSAL [StudyAlliance Leukemia], n=46; AMLSG [AML Study Group], n = 223, both P < 10(-5)). The ALFA decision tool is a simple, robust, and discriminant prognostic model for AML patients >= 60 years of age treated with intensive chemotherapy. This model can instruct the design of trials comparing the 7+3 standard of care with less intensive regimens.
Raphael Itzykson, Elise Fournier, Celine Berthon, Christoph Rollig, Thorsten Braun, et al.. Genetic identification of patients with AML older than 60 years achieving long-term survival with intensive chemotherapy. Blood, 2021, 138 (7), pp.507-519. ⟨10.1182/blood.2021011103⟩. ⟨hal-03606388⟩